A graphical representation showing the distribution of type of work done for blind during various time spans is given in Figure 2. Ultrasonic smart glasses work with ultrasonic waves to detect obstacle agarwal2017low and many more have been developed for blind aid. Common wearable helping aids for blind include: The output of the above systems(provided in Table 1) can be in the form of tactile image bach2003sensory tongue display through voltage pulse kaczmarek2011tongue sound patterns/musical auditory information auvray2007learning abboud2014eyemusic etc. The later is discussed in more detail in Section 2. Commonly the scene is perceived using ultrasonic sensors kay2000auditory or by extracting images/videos using vision sensors bach2003sensory. Work contributed by different researchers in this area can be discussed in terms of sensors used for input output representation type and hardware gear, used for either or both. The utilization of computer framework advances for navigational help solutions is relatively recent, for example a smartphone based navigation system(ARIANNA) for both indoor and outdoor environment is available croce2014arianna. Even information about moving objects and their direction of motion is important. In many cases it may be important to know the obstacle type specifically if it is a door needed to be opened or a stair required to be climbed. However no information about the kind of obstacle is available. For example a white cane may just provide information about the presence or absence of an obstacle. Traditional navigation aid methods such as white canes are very limited and are unable to provide a complete scene perception. The navigational aid should also be provided using their other, but now stronger senses like hearing, touch, smell etc. This innovation should complement the white canes: give alarm to the user about obstacles a few meters away and give direction for going to a particular area. In the world of sophisticated technology along with various sensors, there should be a system with the most basic innovation to make their life a bit easier. In a new or unfamiliar environment they totally depend on individuals passing by to enquire for a certain area. They most commonly use white canes for obstacle detection, meanwhile memorizing all locations they are getting familiar with. Navigation of blind people is an important issue to be considered.
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